By Dr Nurashikin Mohammad

Malaysia is experiencing a significant rise in Influenza A infections, with clusters emerging in schools and communities across the country. While most cases are mild, the situation serves as a timely reminder of the need for consistent annual influenza vaccination and good respiratory hygiene to prevent widespread outbreaks.

Current situation

In recent weeks, hospitals and clinics have seen more patients with fever, cough, sore throat, and other influenza-like symptoms. Many of these cases have been confirmed as Influenza A, which spreads rapidly through respiratory droplets.

Schools and educational institutions are among the most affected, given the close interaction between students. Although most patients recover fully, certain groups – particularly young children, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses – remain vulnerable to severe complications.

Understanding Influenza A

Influenza A is a contagious viral infection that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. It typically begins suddenly with high fever, chills, body aches, fatigue, and cough. Symptoms may resemble the common cold but are often more intense and appear abruptly.

While most infections resolve within a week or two, complications such as pneumonia, ear infections, myocarditis, or even brain inflammation (encephalitis) can occur, especially in high-risk groups.

Those at greatest risk include:

• Children under five years old.
• Elderly individuals aged 65 and above.
• Pregnant women.
• People with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease.
• Individuals with weakened immune systems.

Annual vaccination: The best defence

As a respiratory and internal medicine specialist, I strongly urge the public to remember that the influenza vaccine must be taken every year.

Influenza viruses constantly mutate, producing new strains that may not be covered by last year’s vaccine. Therefore, an annual shot is essential to ensure your immune system is updated against the latest circulating strains.

Yearly vaccination is not optional – it is vital. It reduces your risk of catching the flu, lessens the severity if you do get infected, and helps prevent hospitalisation and complications.

The best time for vaccination is typically in April or October, just before Malaysia’s peak influenza seasons.

Other preventive measures

Alongside vaccination, everyone should continue practising good respiratory hygiene to slow the spread of infection:

1. Practice proper hand hygiene – Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based sanitiser.
2. Cover your cough or sneeze – Use a tissue or your elbow to prevent droplets from spreading.
3. Avoid touching your face – Especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
4. Stay home if unwell – This simple step protects others and allows you to recover faster.
5. Ensure good ventilation – Open windows in classrooms, offices, and public areas to improve air circulation.

Final thoughts

Influenza A is a recurring seasonal illness – but it is one we can manage and prevent effectively. The key is annual vaccination, supported by hygiene awareness and early medical intervention.

By staying protected and vigilant, we can safeguard our families, workplaces, and schools from unnecessary illness. Let us make yearly influenza vaccination part of our health routine – because prevention is always better than cure.

-- BERNAMA

Dr Nurashikin Mohammad is a Consultant Physician (Internal Medicine & Respiratory) at Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Selangor.